Keyword: «childhood»

The article reveals the understanding of the archetype of the child in the work of Russian symbolists. On the example of the poems of F. Sologub, A. Blok. The polarity of the archetype of the child is considered from the point of view of good and evil.

The article is devoted to the study of the history of social support for motherhood and virginity. The author traces the Russian history of the formation of social legislation in this area.

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of child-parent relations in adolescence and the description of an effective method of their diagnosis and correction. Adolescence, characterized by intensive personality development and changing behaviors, is often accompanied by conflicts and misunderstandings between parents and children. The paper presents the «Traffic Light» technique developed by medical psychologists of the State Medical Institution «Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan». The basis of the technique is E. Bern's scheme, which includes three ego states: «Child», «Adult» and «Parent». As part of the exercise, the participants interacted in various role combinations, which allowed them to understand the peculiarities of communication and the causes of conflicts. The results showed that constructive dialogue is achieved when interacting in an Adult-Adult position. The technique has received positive feedback and has proven its effectiveness in improving child-parent relations.

This article presents an analysis of the concept of "psychological defense mechanisms" in the works of Russian and international scholars. Ambivalence is noted, and the classification of psychological defenses proposed by R. Plutchik, G. Kellerman, and H. Conte is presented. Using Plutchik's model, the age-related dynamics of the development of psychological defense mechanisms are traced from preschool childhood to adolescence. It is shown how cognitive maturation, age-related crises, and the nature of the social environment determine the formation, restructuring, and consolidation of psychological defense mechanisms.

This article attempts to further explore the prospects for studying the maturation of growing children through the lens of cultural-historical psychology. Taking into account profound transformations in the social developmental context, the influence of digital technologies, and changing notions of adulthood and the boundaries of childhood, it demonstrates the promising role of cultural-historical psychology in the child's generation of signs and symbols, the development of joint activities between children and adults, the specific content of the zone of proximal development in adaptation to new realities, and the formation of dynamic characteristics of the interconnected mechanisms of personality development in growing children–interiorization and exteriorization–which have a significant impact on the development of their independence.