Keyword: «integral approach»

Currently, the subject "World Around Us" occupies a significant place in the primary education system. As the analysis of current methodological literature shows, this subject is presented in various substantive options in accordance with the original vision of its essence by the developers of specific educational methodological complexes. At the same time, the essential integral nature of the subject "World Around Us" is not always taken into account when constructing the content of curriculum programs used by practicing teachers while teaching primary school students, especially in the framework of the subject "World Around Us". Therefore, the relevance of the problem studied in the article is due to the need for a theoretical justification of the spiral principle’s importance for designing curriculum programs for the subject "World Around Us", or more precisely, the logic of their content. The aim of this study is to describe the specific features of the spiral principle taking into account the essential integral nature of the subject "World Around Us", to determine the relationship between current conceptual integral scientific ideas and the previously mentioned principle in the context of a modern vision of the subject "World Around Us" implementation. The leading approach to the study is the integral methodological approach, in particular, as it is interpreted by A.V. Bukalov, B.M. Kedrov, M.S. Pak. Considerable attention is paid to the description of the spiral principle’s understanding from philosophical, psychological, didactical and methodological points of view. Particular attention is paid to the relationship of the spiral principle to the logic of spiral dynamics by K.W. Graves, D. Beck and K. Cowan and the integral theory of K. Wilber. The significance of the ideas of spiral learning by D. Bruner and taxonomy by B.S. Bloom are commented on. A potential version of constructing the content of the academic subject "The World Around Us" is presented in the form of a figurative model "Snail", based on the visualization of the author's STREAM technology technique. From the point of view of theoretical significance, this article generalizes and systematizes scientific ideas about the principle of spirality, clarifies the weight and necessity of applying this principle from the position of an integral view of this principle as a conceptual component of the subject "The World Around Us". From the standpoint of practical significance, the article describes the logic of construction and presents a potential example of the content of the subject "The World Around Us", which contributes to the reproducibility of the theoretical experience reflected in the article by practicing teachers in the field of teaching this subject in primary school.

The article examines the evolution of Pitirim Alexandrovich Sorokin's views on axiological problems in the context of his theory of values. An analysis of the periods of Sorokin's scientific activity allows us to trace the transition from psychologism to integrative sociology. It is noted that the scientist was able to propose a new axiological understanding of the development of society and culture, revealing its multidimensionality. The author comes to the conclusion about the significance and versatility of P.A. Sorokin intellectual heritage. Sorokin for various fields of humanitarian knowledge in the framework of the study of values and socio-cultural reality.