Keyword: «primary school student»

Based on the analysis of the survey results, the article identifies the main categories of school difficulties faced by primary school students (in learning, communication, and socialization). Coping strategies were studied as a resource for overcoming school difficulties. The article discusses the content and forms of psychological and pedagogical assistance to students, and provides examples of activities for working with primary school students and their immediate environment. The aim of the study: to examine the nature of school difficulties for primary school students (in learning, communication, socialization), to determine the targets of psychological and pedagogical support in overcoming school difficulties. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work were the works of scientists in the field of educational activity, pedagogical and developmental psychology of primary school students. Theoretical, empirical (questionnaire, testing) methods, data processing methods were used in the course of the work. The study involved 300 primary school students from grades 1 to 4. The survey was conducted in 4 educational institutions of the city of Tula. The results of the study are illustrated with the help of diagrams. Based on the research materials, the directions of effective psychological and pedagogical support for primary school students are presented: creating conditions for independence, initiative, and curiosity, development of interest in acquiring knowledge, ability to learn, etc. Novelty of the study: scientific ideas about school difficulties of primary school students, the resource approach determining the choice of effective strategies for overcoming school difficulties have been supplemented and systematized. The theoretical significance of the work consists in clarifying the concept of "school difficulties", identifying their specificity in primary school age. The practical significance consists in the fact that the obtained data can be used to improve the provision of psychological and pedagogical support for students, organizing the prevention and correction of school difficulties. The results of the study may be useful for teachers and educational psychologists when interacting with primary school students with difficulties in learning, communication, socialization, designing developmental, correctional-developmental, preventive programs, programs for individualization of education, and educating parents.

Various aspects of finding effective means to achieve subject-specific learning outcomes are being explored in pedagogical science. The need to assimilate a large amount of information implies that students need to possess a range of skills related to strategies for searching, analyzing, evaluating, and using this information. We believe it's a good idea to organize lessons in primary school that focus on creating various information models for solving text problems, particularly tabular models. Modeling allows not only for effective assimilation of information but also for transforming it into new results. The aim of the study is to teach primary school students to solve text problems using table modeling, which facilitates the search for different ways to find the correct answer. An analysis of various points of view by scientists made it possible to identify the operational composition of modeling and present some aspects of methodological work in teaching primary school students to construct tabular models for tasks on proportional relationships between quantities. The following can be highlighted as methodological accents when working with children: the presence of three columns in the table, a specific sequence of values arrangement in the columns, the possibility of integrating the table and the drawing in the process of solving the problem, and the search for several solution methods (if they are possible). During the 2024–2025 academic year, an experimental study was conducted at educational institutions in Saransk and the Republic of Mordovia. The experiment, aimed at teaching primary school students, involved working on text problems using table modeling. The results of the experiment showed a positive trend in the development of primary school students' ability to solve text-based problems using table modeling and find different ways to provide correct answers. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the substantiation of the methodology for developing the skills of primary school students to construct an algorithm for presenting information in tabular form. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the identified methodological aspects when organizing work with text problems in mathematics lessons in primary school.

The article is devoted to the attitude of elementary school students and their parents to school as a key element of the educational process. The article analyzes how children's perception of school affects educational motivation and social development, as well as how to increase family satisfaction with school. The interrelationships between parental expectations and children's expectations from the educational process are revealed. The importance of cooperation between family and school is emphasized.